nginx 加工上游服务器返回的内容，并返回给客户端-沃梦达编程网

禁用上游响应头部功能

Syntax: proxy_ignore_headers field ...;
Default: —
Context: http, server, location

　　功能介绍：某些响应头部可以改变nginx的行为，使用proxy_ignore_headers可以禁用他们生效；

可以禁用的头部功能

X-Accel-Redirect：由上游服务器指定在nginx内部重定向，控制请求的执行

X-Accel-Limit-Rate ：由上游设置发往客户端的速度限制，等同limit_rate指令

X-Accel-Buffering : 由上游控制是否缓存上游的响应

X-Accel-Charset : 由上游控制Content-Type中的Charset

缓存相关：

X-Accel-Expires : 设置响应在nginx的缓存时间，单位秒；@开头表示一天某时刻

Expires：控制nginx缓存时间，优先级低于X-Accel-Expires

Cache-Control:控制nginx缓存时间，优先级低于X-Accel-Expires

Set-Cookie：响应中出现Set-Cookie则不缓存，可通过proxy_ignore_headers禁止生效

Vary：响应中出现Vary：*则不缓存，同样可以禁止生效

转发上游响应指令

Syntax: proxy_hide_header field;
Default: —
Context: http, server, location

　　proxy_hide_header 功能:对上游响应中的某些头部，设置不向客户端转发

proxy_hide_header 功能默认不转发的响应包头:

Date ：由ngx_http_header_filter_module过滤模块填写，值为nginx发送响应头部时的时间

server：由ngx_http_header_filter_module过滤模块过滤模块填写，值为nginx版本

X-Pad：通常是Apache为避免浏览器BUG生成的头部，默认忽略

X-Accel-：用于控制nginx行为的响应，不需要向客户端转发

proxy_pass_header : 对于已经被proxy-hide-header的头部，设置向客户端转发

配置

[root@python vhast]# cat shangyou.conf 
server {
	listen 8011;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 '8011 server response.\n';
}

server {
	listen 8012;
	default_type text/plain;
	root html;
	location /{
		add_header aaa 'aaaa value';   添加aaa字段
	}
	location /test {

		return 200 '8012 server response.
uri: $uri
method: $request_method
requset: $request
http_name: $http_name
\n';
}
}
[root@python vhast]# cat upstream.conf 

upstream rrups{
	#ip_hash;
	#hash user_$arg_username;
	#server 127.0.0.1:8011;
	server 127.0.0.1:8012;
	#keepalive  32;
	}
server {
	#set_real_ip_from 192.168.183.4;
	#real_ip_recursive on;
	#real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
	server_name www.rrups.com;
	access_log logs/upstream.log main;
	error_log rrups_error.log info;
	location /{
		#proxy_pass http://rrups/addurl;
		proxy_pass http://rrups;
		#proxy_hide_header aaa;  #没有屏蔽头部aaa字端
		#proxy_method POST;
		#proxy_pass_request_headers off;
		#proxy_pass_request_body off;
		#proxy_set_body 'hello world';
		#proxy_set_header name '';
		proxy_http_version 1.1;
		proxy_set_header Connection "";
	}
}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl  www.rrups.com -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.15.9
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2019 06:41:13 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Connection: keep-alive
Last-Modified: Wed, 10 Jul 2019 18:23:02 GMT
ETag: "5d262d06-264"
aaa: aaaa value   #
Accept-Ranges: bytes

　　屏蔽后测试

[root@python vhast]# cat upstream.conf 

upstream rrups{
	#ip_hash;
	#hash user_$arg_username;
	#server 127.0.0.1:8011;
	server 127.0.0.1:8012;
	#keepalive  32;
	}
server {
	#set_real_ip_from 192.168.183.4;
	#real_ip_recursive on;
	#real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
	server_name www.rrups.com;
	access_log logs/upstream.log main;
	error_log rrups_error.log info;
	location /{
		#proxy_pass http://rrups/addurl;
		proxy_pass http://rrups;
		proxy_hide_header aaa;
		#proxy_method POST;
		#proxy_pass_request_headers off;
		#proxy_pass_request_body off;
		#proxy_set_body 'hello world';
		#proxy_set_header name '';
		proxy_http_version 1.1;
		proxy_set_header Connection "";
	}
}
[root@python vhast]# curl  www.rrups.com -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.15.9
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2019 06:43:23 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Connection: keep-alive
Last-Modified: Wed, 10 Jul 2019 18:23:02 GMT
ETag: "5d262d06-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

　　上游服务器头部设置影响下游发送速率

[root@python vhast]# cat shangyou.conf 
server {
	listen 8011;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 '8011 server response.\n';
}

server {
	listen 8012;
	default_type text/plain;
	root html;
	location /{
		add_header X-Accel-Limit-Rate 10;   #在上游服务器，添加代理服务向客户端每秒发送的字节数
		
	}
	location /test {

		return 200 '8012 server response.
uri: $uri
method: $request_method
requset: $request
http_name: $http_name
\n';
}
}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl  www.rrups.com -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Syntax: proxy_pass_header field;
Default: —
Context: http, server, location

　　修改返回的Set-Cookie头部

Syntax: proxy_cookie_domain off;   #修改上游服务器的Set-Cookie的指令；修改域名
proxy_cookie_domain domain replacement;
Default: proxy_cookie_domain off; 
Context: http, server, location



Syntax: proxy_cookie_path off;   # 修改URI部分内容做替换
proxy_cookie_path path replacement;
Default: proxy_cookie_path off; 
Context: http, server, location

　　修改返回的Location头部

Syntax: proxy_redirect default;
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_redirect redirect replacement;
Default: proxy_redirect default; 
Context: http, server, location

　　上游返回失败时的处理方法

Syntax: proxy_next_upstream error | timeout | invalid_header | http_500 | http_502 | http_503 | 
http_504 | http_403 | http_404 | http_429 | non_idempotent | off ...;
Default: proxy_next_upstream error timeout; 
Context: http, server, location

　　前提：没有向客户端发送任何内容

配置： error（网络错误）、timeout（超时后）、invalid_header（不合法的header）、http_ （返回http错误码）、non_idempotent （在上游服务器不能使用这个方法时）、off（）

限制proxy_next_upstream的时间与次数

Syntax: proxy_next_upstream_timeout time;  #从请求开始选用上游服务的时间
Default: proxy_next_upstream_timeout 0; 
Context: http, server, location



Syntax: proxy_next_upstream_tries number;# 重试次数
Default: proxy_next_upstream_tries 0; 
Context: http, server, location

　　用error_page 拦截上游失败的响应；当上游响应码大于等于300时，将响应返回客户端还是按照error_page指令处理

Syntax: proxy_intercept_errors on | off;
Default: proxy_intercept_errors off; 
Context: http, server, location

不做修改配置

[root@python vhast]# cat  shangyou.conf 
server {
	listen 8011;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 '8011 server response.\n';
	}

server {
	listen 8012;
	default_type text/plain;
	root html;
	location /{
		add_header X-Accel-Limit-Rate 10;
		
	}
	location /test {

		return 200 '8012 server response.
uri: $uri
method: $request_method
requset: $request
http_name: $http_name
\n';
	}
}
	
server {
	listen 8013;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 500 '8013 server Internal Error.\n';
	}



[root@python vhast]# cat proxy_next.conf 

upstream ps{
	#ip_hash;
	#hash user_$arg_username;
	server 127.0.0.1:8011;
	server 127.0.0.1:8013;
	#keepalive  32;
	}
server {
	#set_real_ip_from 192.168.183.4;
	#real_ip_recursive on;
	#real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
	server_name rrups.com;
	access_log logs/upstream.log main;
	error_log rrups_error.log info;
	location /{
		#proxy_pass http://rrups/addurl;
		proxy_pass http://ps;
		#proxy_hide_header aaa;
		#proxy_method POST;
		#proxy_pass_request_headers off;
		#proxy_pass_request_body off;
		#proxy_set_body 'hello world';
		#proxy_set_header name '';
		#proxy_http_version 1.1;
		#proxy_set_header Connection "";
	}
	
	location /test {
		
	}
	
	location /error {
		proxy_pass http://ps;
		proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
		proxy_next_upstream off;
	}
	location /intercept{
		proxy_intercept_errors on;
		proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8013;
		proxy_next_upstream off;
	}
	location /httperr {
		
		proxy_next_upstream http_500;
		proxy_pass http://ps;
	}
}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8013 server Internal Error.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8013 server Internal Error.

　　修改上游服务器一个端口

[root@python vhast]# cat  shangyou.conf 
server {
	listen 8011;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 '8011 server response.\n';
	}

server {
	listen 8012;
	default_type text/plain;
	root html;
	location /{
		add_header X-Accel-Limit-Rate 10;
		
	}
	location /test {

		return 200 '8012 server response.
uri: $uri
method: $request_method
requset: $request
http_name: $http_name
\n';
	}
}
	
server {
	listen 8013;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 500 '8013 server Internal Error.\n';
	}


[root@python vhast]# vim shangyou.conf 
[root@python vhast]# cat  shangyou.conf 
server {
	listen 8011;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 '8011 server response.\n';
	}

server {
	listen 8012;
	default_type text/plain;
	root html;
	location /{
		add_header X-Accel-Limit-Rate 10;
		
	}
	location /test {

		return 200 '8012 server response.
uri: $uri
method: $request_method
requset: $request
http_name: $http_name
\n';
	}
}
	
server {
	listen 8014;吧端口修改
	default_type text/plain;
	return 500 '8013 server Internal Error.\n';
	}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8011 server response.

[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
<html>
<head><title>502 Bad Gateway</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>502 Bad Gateway</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.15.9</center>
</body>
</html>

　　修改配置

[root@python vhast]# cat proxy_next.conf 

upstream ps{
	#ip_hash;
	#hash user_$arg_username;
	server 127.0.0.1:8011;
	server 127.0.0.1:8013;
	#keepalive  32;
	}
server {
	#set_real_ip_from 192.168.183.4;
	#real_ip_recursive on;
	#real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
	server_name rrups.com;
	access_log logs/upstream.log main;
	error_log rrups_error.log info;
	location /{
		#proxy_pass http://rrups/addurl;
		proxy_pass http://ps;
		#proxy_hide_header aaa;
		#proxy_method POST;
		#proxy_pass_request_headers off;
		#proxy_pass_request_body off;
		#proxy_set_body 'hello world';
		#proxy_set_header name '';
		#proxy_http_version 1.1;
		#proxy_set_header Connection "";
	}
	
	location /test {
		
	}
	
	location /error {
		proxy_pass http://ps;
		proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
		proxy_next_upstream error;   从off改为error
	}
	location /intercept{
		proxy_intercept_errors on;
		proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8013;
		proxy_next_upstream off;
	}
	location /httperr {
		
		proxy_next_upstream http_500;
		proxy_pass http://ps;
	}
}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8011 server response.

　　恢复上游服务器

[root@python vhast]# cat  shangyou.conf 
server {
	listen 8011;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 '8011 server response.\n';
	}

server {
	listen 8012;
	default_type text/plain;
	root html;
	location /{
		add_header X-Accel-Limit-Rate 10;
		
	}
	location /test {

		return 200 '8012 server response.
uri: $uri
method: $request_method
requset: $request
http_name: $http_name
\n';
	}
}
	
server {
	listen 8013;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 500 '8013 server Internal Error.\n';
	}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8013 server Internal Error.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8013 server Internal Error.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/error
8011 server response.

　　配置

	location /httperr {
		
		proxy_next_upstream http_500;
		proxy_pass http://ps;
	}
[root@python vhast]# cat  shangyou.conf 
server {
	listen 8011;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 '8011 server response.\n';
	}

server {
	listen 8012;
	default_type text/plain;
	root html;
	location /{
		add_header X-Accel-Limit-Rate 10;
		
	}
	location /test {

		return 200 '8012 server response.
uri: $uri
method: $request_method
requset: $request
http_name: $http_name
\n';
	}
}
	
server {
	listen 8013;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 500 '8013 server Internal Error.\n';
	}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/httperr
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/httperr
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/httperr
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/httperr
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/httperr
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/httperr
8011 server response.

　　修改上游服务器响应码

[root@python vhast]# cat shangyou.conf 
server {
	listen 8011;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 '8011 server response.\n';
	}

server {
	listen 8012;
	default_type text/plain;
	root html;
	location /{
		add_header X-Accel-Limit-Rate 10;
		
	}
	location /test {

		return 200 '8012 server response.
uri: $uri
method: $request_method
requset: $request
http_name: $http_name
\n';
	}
}
	
server {
	listen 8013;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 '8013 server Internal Error.\n';
	}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/httperr
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/httperr
8013 server Internal Error.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/httperr
8011 server response.
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/httperr
8013 server Internal Error.

　　配置

server {
	listen 8013;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 500 '8013 server Internal Error.\n';
	}


[root@python vhast]# cat proxy_next.conf 

upstream ps{
	#ip_hash;
	#hash user_$arg_username;
	server 127.0.0.1:8011;
	server 127.0.0.1:8013;
	#keepalive  32;
	}
server {
	#set_real_ip_from 192.168.183.4;
	#real_ip_recursive on;
	#real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
	server_name rrups.com;
	access_log logs/upstream.log main;
	error_log rrups_error.log info;
	location /{
		#proxy_pass http://rrups/addurl;
		proxy_pass http://ps;
		#proxy_hide_header aaa;
		#proxy_method POST;
		#proxy_pass_request_headers off;
		#proxy_pass_request_body off;
		#proxy_set_body 'hello world';
		#proxy_set_header name '';
		#proxy_http_version 1.1;
		#proxy_set_header Connection "";
	}
	
	location /test {
		
	}
	
	location /error {
		proxy_pass http://ps;
		proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
		#proxy_next_upstream error;
	}
	location /intercept{
		proxy_intercept_errors off;
		proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8013;
		proxy_next_upstream error;
	}
	location /httperr {
		
		proxy_next_upstream http_500;
		proxy_pass http://ps;
	}
}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/intercept -I
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
Server: nginx/1.15.9
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2019 08:10:13 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 28
Connection: keep-alive

　　配置

[root@python vhast]# cat shangyou.conf 
server {
	listen 8011;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 '8011 server response.\n';
	}

server {
	listen 8012;
	default_type text/plain;
	root html;
	location /{
		add_header X-Accel-Limit-Rate 10;
		
	}
	location /test {

		return 200 '8012 server response.
uri: $uri
method: $request_method
requset: $request
http_name: $http_name
\n';
	}
}
	
server {
	listen 8013;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 500 '8013 server Internal Error.\n';
	}


upstream ps{
	#ip_hash;
	#hash user_$arg_username;
	server 127.0.0.1:8011;
	server 127.0.0.1:8013;
	#keepalive  32;
}
	location /error {
		proxy_pass http://ps;
		proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
		#proxy_next_upstream error;
	}
	error_page 500 /a.txt;  定义上游服务器返回500，用a.txt文件内容返回
	location /intercept{
		proxy_intercept_errors on;
		proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8013;
		#proxy_next_upstream error;
	}
	location /httperr {
		
		proxy_next_upstream http_500;
		proxy_pass http://ps;
	}
}

　　测试

[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/intercept
qwertyuopuughgbbvvbaaa
[root@python vhast]# curl  rrups.com/intercept -I
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
Server: nginx/1.15.9
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2019 08:23:49 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 23
Connection: close
ETag: "5d28942d-17"

　双向认证时的指令

　　 nginx 加工上游服务器返回的内容，并返回给客户端

对下游使用证书

Syntax: ssl_certificate file;
Default: —
Context: http, server




Syntax: ssl_certificate_key file;
Default: —
Context: http, server

　　验证下游证书

Syntax: ssl_verify_client on | off | optional | optional_no_ca;
Default: ssl_verify_client off; 
Context: http, server



Syntax: ssl_client_certificate file;
Default: —
Context: http, server

　　对上游使用证书

Syntax: proxy_ssl_certificate file;
Default: —
Context: http, server, location




Syntax: proxy_ssl_certificate_key file;
Default: —
Context: http, server, location

　　验证上游的证书

Syntax: proxy_ssl_trusted_certificate file;
Default: —
Context: http, server, location





Syntax: proxy_ssl_verify on | off;
Default: proxy_ssl_verify off; 
Context: http, server, location

　　ssl 模块提供的变量

安全套件

ssl_cipher:本次通讯选用的安全套件，例如ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256

ssl_ciphers:客户端支持的所有安全套件

ssl_protocol:本次通信选用TLS版本，例如TLS1.2

ssl_curves : 客户端支持的椭圆曲线，例如secp384rl:secp521r1

证书

ssl_client_raw_cert：原始客户端证书内容

ssl_client_escaped_cert:返回客户端证书做urlencode 编码后的内容

ssl_client_cert : 对客户端证书每一行内容前加tab制表符，增强可读性

ssl_client_fingerprint:客户端证书的SHA1指纹

证书结构化信息

ssl_server_name: 通过TLS插件SNI获取到的服务域名

ssl_client_i_dn:依据RFC2253获取到证书issuer dn信息，例如：CN=...,O=....,L=....,C=....

ssl_client_i_dn_legacy: 依据RFC2253获取到证书issuer dn信息例如：/C=…/L=…/O=…/CN=…

ssl_client_s_dn: 依据RFC2253获取到证书issuer dn信息例如：CN=…,OU=…,O=…,L=…,ST=…,C=…

ssl_client_s_dn_legacy:同样获取issuer dn信息，格式为：/C=…/ST=…/L=…/O=…/OU=…/CN=…

证书有效期

ssl_client_v_end: 返回客户端证书的过期时间；例如Dec 1 11:56:11 2028 GMT

ssl_client_v_remain: 返回还有多少天客户端证书过期，例如针对上面的ssl_client_v_end其值为3649

ssl_client_v_start : 客户端证书颁发日期；例如 Dec 4 11:56:11 2018 GMT

连接有效性

ssl_client_serial:返回连接客户端证书的序列号，例如8BE947674841BD44

ssl_early_data: 在TLS1.3协议中使用了early data且握手未返回1，则返回空字符串

ssl_client_verify:如果验证失败为FAILED：原因，如果没有验证证书则为NONE，验证成功则为SUCCESS

ssl_session_id:已建立连接的sessionid

ssl_session_reused:如果session被复用（参考session）则为r,否则为.

创建证书操作

创建根证书

创键CA私钥

openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048

　　制作CA公钥

openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key ca.key -out ca.crt

　签发证书

创建私钥

openssl genrsa -out a.pem 1024
openssl rsa -in a.pem -out a.key

　　 生成签发证书请求

openssl req -new -key a.pem -out a.csr

　　 使CA证书进行签发

openssl x509 -req -sha256 -in a.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -days 3650 -out a.crt

　　验证签发证书是否正确

openssl verify -CAfile ca.crt a.crt

nginx 加工上游服务器返回的内容，并返回给客户端

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